>>2498655So if you set up a MBR partition it requires CMS to boot. That's why you had to change that in the BIOS. I guess your other drives were GPT. I would stay on the safe side and keep them all the same.
I would try again from step 1 of setting up the USB and making sure you choose UEFI (non CMS) under Target System - presuming you are using Rufus. Format the drive and reinstall the OS.
You want your partition to be GPT in order to work with UEFI. MBR only works with UEFI+CMS/Legacy.
Make sure boot mode in your BIOS is set to UEFI (not UEFI+Legacy or UEFI+CMS).
See if you can boot from both drives then?
Last time my motherboard had a stroke I had to do this a load of times before it could detect my drive and boot from it. I really recommend updating BIOS if yours is old.